Frostbite is a serious tissue destroying disorder. It is also something that can be avoided. The Michigan Podiatric Medical Association (MPMA) has some advice to share during these winter months.

“When you’re out in the cold, your body works hard to stay warm by altering blood flow toward your heart and lungs,” said Dr. Jodie Sengstock, MPMA Director of Professional Relations. “This leaves your extremities – arms, legs and feet – vulnerable to cold injury, especially toes and fingers.”

Depending on the severity of the exposure, frostbite can affect the skin or underlying tissue. In most cases the area becomes numb and feels frozen. Skin will appear waxy, white or grayish. Any exposure should be evaluated and treated by a physician.

Avoiding frostbite is easier than treating it. If you must go out in bitter cold, be prepared.

– Dress in light, loose, layered clothing for ventilation and insulation. Water-repellent fabric is a good overlay.

– Make sure that your head, hands and feet are properly covered. Mittens are warmer than gloves, and two pair of socks (wool over lightweight cotton) will help keep your feet warm.

– Avoid alcohol, caffeine and nicotine prior to, and while, you are outside. These things leave the skin more prone to thermal injury.

– If you get wet, remove wet clothing as quickly as possible and get to a warm location.

– Check yourself every half-hour or so for signs of frostbite. If your toes, fingers, ears or other body parts feel numb, get inside.

If you believe you have frostbite, there are some things you can do right away. However, medical assistance should still be sought as soon as possible.

– Again, remove wet clothing as quickly as possible and get to a warm location. Do not expose the area to cold again.

– Avoid rubbing the area and warming by dry heat such as a fire, radiator or heating pad. The affected area is numb and is vulnerable to burns.

– Soak the affected area in warm water for about 30 to 45 minutes. This may cause pain, swelling and the skin’s color may change. Keep in the water until the area feels warm and felling returns.

– Warm up the rest of the body by drinking a warm drink or broth.

– If blisters appear – do not open them. Cover with a clean cloth and seek medical attention.

– Do not walk on frostbitten feet. Keeping the foot elevated will also help.